Political Economy of Aid and Trade

I analyze the effects and correlates of foreign investment, aid and trade
Foreign Aid and Trade

Aid, Trade and Investment

I examine the political economy dynamics of trade, aid and investment. My work on foreign assistance programs focuses on how the imperatives of aid, particularly when expressed as debt relief, affect the political behavior and political stability of recipient states. Similarly, my work on trade is centered around issues of how the changing composition of international trade affects various aspects of inter-state relations. These include their propensity to enter into trade agreements, use sanctions as a foreign policy tool and engage in cyber conflict. My approach is to develop and test microfounded theoretical models that emphasize the role of institutions and preferences in shaping how governments use aid and trade in furtherance of strategic objectives.

  • Trade Composition and Acquiescence to Sanction Threats (With Timothy M. Peterson and Cameron G. Thies), Political Research Quarterly. 73.3: 526-539. 2020 PDF | Replication
  • On the Nature of the Causal Relationships between Foreign Direct Investment, GDP and Exports in South Africa Journal of International Development, Vol 28 No.1 pp. 112 - 126. 2016. PDF
  • Do countries strategically improve their institutions to access increased debt relief? Economics Bulletin, Vol. 33 No. 2 pp. 1185-1192. 2013. PDF
  • The HIPC Initiative: What Affects Duration? Economics Bulletin, Vol 33 No.1 pp. 372 - 378. 2013. PDF
  • Debt Relief under the HIPC Initiative: Why Some Countries Complete the Programme Faster than Others ERSA Working Paper Series, 2013. PDF
  • Institutional Quality and Debt Relief: A Political Economy Approach. ERSA Working Paper Series, 2013. PDF
  • Macroeconomics: Global and Southern African Perspectives. (with Blanchard, O., Johnson, D. et al.). 2014. Pearson Holdings Southern Africa. ISBN: 978-1775786184. {Book}

Cyber Conflict

I examine the causes and consequences of interstate cyber conflict
Project 04

Cyber Conflict

I study the behavior of nation states in cyberspace, particularly how and why states use cyber instruments. I also study how states deploy and use hackers as proxies to project power. My current work draws on techniques and tools from complex systems science to understand broad-scale patterns in state-sponsored cyber espionage.

  • State-sponsored cyber attacks and co-movements in stock market returns: Evidence from US cybersecurity defense contractors. Business and Politics 1–19. 2024 Online | PDF
  • Who spies on whom? Unravelling the puzzle of state-sponsored cyber economic espionage. Journal of Peace Research Vol. 61(1):1–13. 2024 PDF | Replication
  • Cyber economic espionage: A framework for future research. In "A Research Agenda for International Political Economy - New Directions and Promising Paths". Edited by David A. Deese. Edward Elgar Publishing. 2022 PDF
  • Accountability and cyber conflict: Examining institutional constraints on the use of cyber proxies. Conflict Management and Peace Science Vol. 39(3) 311–332. 2022 PDF | Replication
  • International trade and cyber conflict: Decomposing the effect of trade on state-sponsored cyber attacks. Journal of Peace Research. Vol. 58(5) 1083–1097. 2021 PDF | Replication

Book Project

Book on the political economy of military coups
Project 04

Book Project

  • The Political Economy of Military Coups. In Progress
  • This book aims to answer three key questions – 1. why does the military resort to coups at all when there are less costly (both personally and politically) means of changing the incumbent? 2. How do incumbents respond to the threat of coups and 3. What are the domestic political and economic consequences of coups? In answering these questions, I focus on how domestic and international institutions, state idiosyncrasies and the rational calculations of incumbents affect coup risk and the success or failure of coup attempts. I also draw on insights from complex systems theories and machine learning to examine the large-scale distributional properties of coups.

Public Scholarship

Selected guest blog posts, articles for the popular press and media appearances.
Coup d'etat

My passion lies in undergraduate education. My teaching philosophy is grounded in the belief that the best way to assess progress and mastery of any new material - both for the student and the teacher – is constant feedback. As such, I structure my courses to afford my students ample opportunity to get feedback on their progress with course material as well as multiple chances to do well on assessment tests. In this vein, I focus on three objectives in my course design – providing the relevant theoretical framework for understanding key interactions among the relevant actors, encouraging awareness of current events and tying these events to the theoretical base, and fostering analytical skills to evaluate arguments and empirical observations. I make extensive use of quizzes, class discussions and debate as a tool for encouraging students’ participation, progress and development. Brief synopsis of courses I have taught are below.

International Organizations | Global Governance

International organizations play a pivotal role in interstate relations but there is still considerable debate about why these organizations exist, whether they matter in global politics and whether they help or hinder international cooperation. Consequently, the goal of this course is to help students develop a broad understanding of international organizations and the problems they attempt to resolve. We also spend time on the problems of international cooperation and the role of international institutions in the resolution of these issues. On completion of this course, students should be familiar with the major events that shape international organizations as well as the role of these organizations in the global arena. Students should also be able to articulate the leading explanations within political science for why international organizations exist and be able to explain the current controversies surrounding international organizations within the leading frameworks of IR theory. Additionally, students should be able to explain how international organizations facilitate or hinder progress on pressing global issues as well as the major challenges these organizations face in meeting their objectives.

  • University: University of South Carolina | Fordham University

Politics of Cyberspace

This course introduces students to contemporary issues in the politics of cyberspace. The course focuses on critical issues relating to interstate cooperation and conflict that arise as a result of the unique dynamics of the internet and cyber technology. We pay particular attention to how the evolving nature of cyberspace and the explosion in the number of internet-enabled networks and devices influences how states use cyberspace to achieve their strategic and political objectives. We discuss the militarization of cyberspace, cyber-enabled economic warfare, interstate cooperation in cyberspace, governance structures of the internet, the state’s role in combating cybercrime, issues in cyber surveillance, politics of artificial intelligence, cyber ethics and cyber norms.

  • University: Fordham University

National Security Policies of the United States

This course introduces students to the process of formulation and implementation of contemporary defense and security policy in the United States. The focus of the course is on the key policymakers, processes and politics that inform and shape American national security policies and how these have evolved over time. By the end of the course, students should have a firm grasp of the interests, politicians and processes that shape national security policy as well as contemporary issues and debates within the national security establishment.

  • University: University of South Carolina

Analysis of United States Foreign Policy

This course introduces students to the processes, issues and practice of contemporary foreign policy in the United States. The focus of the course is on the politics, debates and issues that inform and shape American foreign policy and its evolution over time. By the end of the course, students should have a firm grasp of the vested interests, politicians and processes that shape contemporary US foreign policy and the key issues at stake.

  • University: American University | University of South Carolina

Introduction to International Relations | International Politics

This course introduces students to contemporary international relations between nation states. The focus of the course is on the key actors, processes and politics that inform and shape how states interact with each other in the international arena and how these have evolved over time. The objective is to give students a firm grasp of the interests, politicians and processes that shape and constrain international relations as well as the contemporary issues and challenges that states face. Although we touch on contemporary issues and debates that shape international relations, the course is structured around the main challenges that confront states as they try to navigate the international system. As such, at the end of the course, students are able to identify the major players and the roles they play as well as the key processes that shape international relations. Students are also able to identify some of the major issues in modern international relations, including the theoretical debates surrounding these issues.

  • University: University of South Carolina | Fordham University

The central theme of my research work is primarily focused on examining the dynamics of interstate cyber conflict. I am particularly interested in how states leverage cyber and other emerging technologies in the pursuit of national security objectives. Beyond this central theme but related to it, I also study the political economy dynamics of international trade and military coups with a focus on the broad links between the global economy and the domestic political environment. My work has appeared in various journals and edited volumes. Currently, I am an Assistant Professor of Global Security in the Department of Foreign Policy & Global Security in the School of International Service and the Director of Research at the Center for Security, Innovation, and New Technology (CSINT) at American University. I have taught at Fordham University, the University of South Carolina and the Nelson Mandela University in South Africa. Originally from Ghana, I received my PhD in Political Science from the University of South Carolina in 2019.

Affiliations

  • Director of Research: Center for Security, Innovation, and New Technology (CSINT) | American University | July 2024 - Present

Selected Awards, Grants and Fellowships

  • June 2024: SIS Collaborative Research Award – School of International Service, American University.
  • April 2019: Outstanding Graduate Student Teacher Award – Department of Political Science, University of South Carolina.
  • August 2016 –July 2017: Adam Smith Fellow – Mercatus Center at George Mason University, Washington DC.
  • July 2015 – May 2016: Thurmond-Atwater Fellowship – Department of Political Science. University of South Carolina.
  • August 2014 – July 2015: IAAR Research Fellow – Institute of African American Research (South Carolina).

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